What are Arterial Septal Defect-hole in the heart (ASD)
An Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect characterized by a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart: the left atrium and the right atrium. Normally, this septum should be intact, preventing blood from flowing directly between the two atria. However, in cases of ASD, there is a hole that allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium, causing a shunting of blood within the heart. ASD is one of the most common congenital heart defects, and it can vary in size and location. Small ASDs may not cause significant problems and might even close on their own over time. However, larger ASDs can lead to complications, particularly if they are not treated.
Symptoms
- Shunting of blood: The hole in the septum allows oxygenated blood from the left atrium to mix with deoxygenated blood in the right atrium, leading to an increase in the volume of blood that flows to the lungs. This can put a strain on the right side of the heart and the pulmonary circulation.
- Pulmonary hypertension: Over time, the increased blood flow to the lungs can lead to pulmonary hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs
- Right heart enlargement: Due to the increased workload, the right atrium and right ventricle can enlarge.
- Symptoms of ASD can vary depending on the size of the defect and the age of the individual. Some individuals with small ASDs may be asymptomatic and not experience any symptoms. However, larger defects can lead to symptoms such as:
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
- Recurrent respiratory infections
- Heart palpitations
- Swelling of the legs, ankles, or abdomen (in severe cases)
Notes
ASD is usually diagnosed during infancy or childhood. Diagnosis is often made
through a physical examination, echocardiogram, and sometimes other imaging tests
like chest X-ray or cardiac MRI.
Treatment for ASD depends on the size and location of the defect, as well as the
presence of symptoms and complications. Small ASDs may close on their own, and in
such cases, regular monitoring by a cardiologist may be sufficient. However, larger or
symptomatic ASDs typically require intervention, either through surgical closure or
transcatheter closure using a device inserted through a catheter.
Procedures
Some common types of ASD include:
- Secundum ASD: This is the most common type of ASD and occurs in the central part of the atrial septum.
- Primum ASD: This type is usually located in the lower part of the atrial septum and is often associated with other congenital heart defects, such as mitral valve abnormalities
- Sinus venosus ASD: This type is located near the entry of the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava into the right atrium.
Includes
- Anaesthesia
Procedure Fee : ₹10000 ₹11000 (Inclusive of all charges)
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